AN AUTUMN STROLL THROUGH GEORGETOWN’S DUMBARTON OAKS

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Visiting Dumbarton Oaks is always a treat, but last October, a walk through the grounds was particularly special as I got to tag along with Lynden Miller (left, below)  and Gail Griffin (right, below).  The two long-time friends are icons in the world of American landscape gardening.

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New York City public landscape designer Lynden Miller  rescued and restored Central Park’s Conservatory Garden, among many other public gardens. I wrote about Lynden’s inspiring work and her influence on the public spaces movement in Richmond in a prior blog post.   On this cold rainy fall day, Lynden delivered a fascinating lecture  to the Dumbarton Oaks Fellows about Beatrix Farrand, the landscape gardener who designed the  Dumbarton Oaks gardens. After her lecture, Lynden and I joined Gail Griffin, Director of Gardens and Grounds at Dumbarton Oaks, for a stroll through the gardens.

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After a day spent on the grounds, it was clear to me that Gail is a beloved member of the Dumbarton Oaks family.  She values and appreciates the many and varied contributions of her talented staff. Moreover, she deftly balances the sensitive and complex goals of preserving the design intent of Farrand and Mildred Bliss, while embracing the living  landscape as it changes through the ages, the seasons, the days.

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Under Gail’s leadership, the vegetable garden has been reinstated and enlarged.  Over time she and her staff have added new vegetables, and new plant supports for the climbers and twiners.

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The cold and rain does not slow down the dedicated gardeners, who keep the garden looking

healthy and vibrant all four seasons.

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Japanese Anemone (Anemone japonica, above) blooms prolifically as the leaves fall.

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Griffin considers stormwater management and erosion control to be priorities for the Garden in coming years.  She would like the pools and fountains to recirculate and she would like to capture and reuse more rainwater.

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A seat in thyme . . .

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The rain accentuates the intricate branching of this Yew, above,

and the exfoliating bark of the tree (Lacebark Elm (Ulmus parvifolia)?) below.

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Thousands of Johnny Jump Ups and Pansies await planting.  I learned from Lynden and Gail that

Johnny-Jump-Ups  are hardier than pansies.

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In her lecture, Lynden noted that Farrand felt strongly that aesthetics are an important part of an intellectual life.  Farrand, the Blisses, Gail and scores of others  have created, nurtured and strengthened  the Garden over the last century for  those who come by the thousands to this special place along Rock Creek Park.

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The beauty of Dumbarton Oaks speaks to all of the senses on this cool, wet October afternoon. As Gail said in an oral history interview,  “People seem to see a spirit here, it’s almost an abundance, a tranquility. It’s a life lifted up to a higher level.” Amen.

An Autumn Stroll Through Georgetown’s Dumbarton Oaks

DSC_0299

Visiting Dumbarton Oaks is always a treat, but last October, a walk through the grounds was particularly special as I got to tag along with Lynden Miller (left, below)  and Gail Griffin (right, below).  The two long-time friends are icons in the world of American landscape gardening.

DSC_0291

New York City public landscape designer Lynden Miller  rescued and restored Central Park’s Conservatory Garden, among many other public gardens. I wrote about Lynden’s inspiring work and her influence on the public spaces movement in Richmond in a prior blog post.   On this cold rainy fall day, Lynden delivered a fascinating lecture  to the Dumbarton Oaks fellows about Beatrix Farrand, the landscape gardener who designed the  Dumbarton Oaks gardens. After her lecture, Lynden and I joined Gail Griffin, Director of Gardens and Grounds at Dumbarton Oaks, for a stroll through the gardens.

DSC_0352

After a day spent on the grounds, it was clear to me that Gail is a beloved member of the Dumbarton Oaks family.  She values and appreciates the many and varied contributions of her talented staff. Moreover, she deftly balances the sensitive and complex goals of preserving the design intent of Farrand and Mildred Bliss, while embracing the living  landscape as it changes through the ages, the seasons, the days.

DSC_0313

Under Gail’s leadership, the vegetable garden has been reinstated and enlarged.  Over time she and her staff have added new vegetables, and new plant supports for the climbers and twiners.

DSC_0310

The cold and rain does not slow down the dedicated gardeners, who keep the garden looking

healthy and vibrant all four seasons.

Version 2

Japanese Anemone (Anemone japonica, above) blooms prolifically as the leaves fall.

DSC_0295

Griffin considers stormwater management and erosion control to be priorities for the Garden in coming years.  She would like the pools and fountains to recirculate and she would like to capture and reuse more rainwater.

DSC_0332

A seat in thyme . . .

DSC_0323

The rain accentuates the intricate branching of this Yew, above,

and the exfoliating bark of the tree (Lacebark Elm (Ulmus parvifolia)?) below.

DSC_0357

 

DSC_0381

Thousands of Johnny Jump Ups and Pansies await planting.  I learned from Lynden and Gail that

Johnny-Jump-Ups  are hardier than pansies.

Version 2

In her lecture, Lynden noted that Farrand felt strongly that aesthetics are an important part of an intellectual life.  Farrand, the Blisses, Gail and scores of others  have created, nurtured and strengthened  the Garden over the last century to ensure it provides that component  to those who come by the thousands to this special place along Rock Creek Park.

 

DSC_0305

The beauty of Dumbarton Oaks speaks to all of the senses on this cool, wet October afternoon. As Gail said in an oral history interview,  “People seem to see a spirit here, it’s almost an abundance, a tranquility. It’s a life lifted up to a higher level.” Amen.

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PLANTS THAT WELCOME THE DELUGE

Camden, Maine - Version 2

After the gazillionth inch of rain along the east coast, thanks to a tango being performed by Joaquin and a pesky nor’easter, it seemed appropriate to fire off a list of plants that will tolerate, and even welcome, wet soil.  I took the picture above while visiting Camden, Maine during one of its wettest months  on record.  Ferns and Hostas are perfectly happy under such conditions.

 

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Magnolia grandiflora (Southern Magnolia) is native to Virginia.

 

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Magnolia virginiana (Sweetbay Magnolia) is native to Virginia.

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Betula nigra (River Birch) is native to Virginia.

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Hydrangea (Hydra=water), with the exception of Oakleaf Hydrangea, tolerates wet soil.  Above is the classic Hydrangea macrophylla.

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Hydrangea arborescens ‘Annabelle’ (Smooth Hydrangea); the species is native to Virginia.

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Hydrangea paniculata ‘Tardiva’ (Limelight and Pee Gee are other cultivars of this species)

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Calycanthus floridus (Eastern Allspice) is native to Virginia.

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Callicarpa americana (American Beautyberry) is native to Virginia.  I took this picture along a trail on Jamestown Island.

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Aronia arbutifolia (Chokeberry) is native to Virginia.

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Tradescantia virginiana (Virginia Spiderwort) is native to Virginia.

I took this picture on Richmond’s wild and natural Belle Isle.

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Myosotis sylvatica (Forget-Me-Not)

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Iris siberica (Siberian Iris).  Many Iris, including the native Iris versicolor (Blue Flag Iris)

will tolerate continuous bog conditions.

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Panicum virgatum (Switchgrass) is native to Virginia.

DSC_0291Mertensia virginica (Virginia Bluebell) is native to Virginia.

DSC_0293This rain garden (installed by Capital Trees as part of the renovation of  Great Shiplock Park) filters  polluted storm water from the park’s parking lot before it enters the historic James River and Kanawha Canal.  Native plants, including Eutrochium purpureum (Joe Pye Weed), Chasmanthium latifolium (Northern Sea Oats) and Panicum virgatum (Switch Grass) thrive in the garden.  Ilex glabra (Inkberry), Itea virginica (Virginia Sweetspire), Clethra alnifolia (Sweet Pepperbush) and Callicarpa americana (Beautyberry) — all native shrubs that tolerate wet soil– border the state-of-the-art biofiltration planters.

LATE SPRING GARDEN CHORES

double file viburnum

Most spring bulbs are spent, and spring flowering shrubs are shedding their blooms.

Thus, It’s time to:

PRUNE

spirea

Prune spring-flowering shrubs, if needed.

Most shrubs and trees that flower in spring (like the Vanhouteii Spirea above, Lilac, Azaleas, and Deutzias, to name a few) begin to set their flower buds for next spring within 4 to 6 weeks of blooming.  Thus, if you wait to prune the plant after that 4 to 6 week window, you will be cutting off next year’s blooms.

White Camellia

Only prune your shrubs if they need it to control size or to shape the plant (e.g., limb up or espalier) or to remove dead or diseased branches.  Use hand pruners, and be sure to take a branch all the way back to a lateral branch (vs. shearing all of the top growth).  Camellias (above) need very little pruning, as they have a graceful growing habit.  Mock Orange (Philadelphus coronarius, below) is a straggly grower, and can use more help.  Mock Oranges are best planted toward the back of a mixed border where they recede after blooming.

Mock orange

DON’T prune summer flowering shrubs, such as Gardenia, Butterfly Bush (Buddleia davidii), Caryopteris and Beautyberry (Callicarpa).

deadheading daffs

Cut back dying foliage of spring-blooming bulbs, including Daffodils, Tulips and Hyacinth.  Capital Trees members Mary Anne Burke and Noni Baruch, above, deadhead the Daffodils planted along Dock Stree in Shockoe Bottom. Spanish Bluebells (beautifully photographed below by Helen Horseley) multiply over the years.

spanish bluebell

Photo by Helen Horsley

lady banks

Cut out all rogue branches on your Lady Banks Rose (above). You can tell a rogue branch -or sucker – because it is thicker, straighter, and produces no lateral branches.

climbing rose

Continue to train other climbing roses. Don’t be shy about removing many older canes to allow for a lighter, more elegant climber, like the one in Charleston, above.

rose

Continue to deadhead repeat-blooming shrub roses. Some of the heritage roses at Hollywood Cemetery, including the Doswell Rose, above, are still blooming.  I did a blog post recently about the incredible treasure these roses are at the historic cemetery.

iris

Remove spent flower stalks from perennials, such as Bearded Iris (Iris germanica), above, and Peonies (Paeonia), below. Some Bearded Iris will bloom again in late summer or early fall.

peony

Aster and zinnia

Photo by Melinda Hardy

Pinch back mid to late summer blooming perennials that tend to get leggy, such as Asters (above), Bog Sage, Daisies, Rudbeckia.  This will prompt the plants to grow lateral stems and create a bushier plant with more blooms.

Vinca minor

Keep Vinca minor (pictured above) and other aggressive ground covers pruned for a neat appearance.

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Cut back to the ground any unproductive Hydrangea branches. An unproductive branch is one that has no or little growth, or is brittle to the touch.

 

Maine ivy

Prune Climbing Hydrangea (Hydrangea petiolaris)  after it finishes blooming. Prune other climbers to keep shape.

Climbing Hydrangea is not just for walls — it’s fun to let it scamper across a bed or a low stone wall.

lenten rose

Cut to the ground browning leaves  and spent flower stalks of Lenten Rose.  Both Lenten Rose (Helleborus orientalis, above) and Stinking Hellebore (Helleborus foetidus, below) will generously self seed if not heavily mulched.

helleborus foetidus

Prune evergreens, if needed.

Evergreen shrubs, such as Hollies, Laurels and Ligustrum, tend to generate uneven growth that can be straggly looking.  It is fine to prune these shrubs now to shape them.  A couple of caveats:  don’t prune Magnolias or other evergreen shrubs blooming now, if you want to enjoy their blooms.  Only prune Sasanqua (fall-blooming) Camellias in early spring before they begin forming flower buds.

sweetbay mag

Prune multi-branch trees, such as Sweetbay Magnolias (Magnolia virginiana, above),  Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum) and Serviceberry (Amelanchier, spp.) to open up the plant and assist in developing a beautiful shape, by cutting out any volunteer sports and straggly branches. You can also cut suckers and stragglies of Chaste Tree (Vitex agnus-castus), but don’t cut back main branches, as they will be blooming in the next month.

wisteria

Prune Wisteria before it sets next year’s flower buds.

PLANT

Sam veggies

Plant summer vegetables and herbs

morning glory

Consider planting Morning Glory seeds for old-fashioned late summer blooms.  The vine twines through Japanese Anemone, above.

lotus

If you have a water garden, consider planting a Lotus (the native Nelumbo lutea).

I’d given mine up for dead and yanked the empty pot (empty except for mud) this spring.  As usual, my procrastination (laziness?) saved a life.  I went to toss the pot last week and, lo and behold, new Lotus leaves were emerging.  Can’t wait to see it bloom like it did last summer, above.

Fill your containers with summer annuals,which will reward you until a hard frost.  Be sure to regularly fertilize, as frequent watering depletes the nutrients from the soil. The window box below, on Meeting Street in Charleston, is filled with Begonia and Fern.

ferns and begonia

 

Add annuals to beds to replace plants that have gone dormant. New Orleans gardeners love to plant Caladiums in their otherwise evergreen borders for a shot of contrast.  You can also plant masses of Lantana or Plumbago for color all summer.  If you are planting in beds containing bulbs or dormant perennials, be sure not to disturb them.

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 EDGE

Edge your beelines and lawn borders.  The person who tends the garden below is on top of it!  Maintaining an edge between the lawn and pavement and between the lawn and planting beds helps keep the shape of the beds and prevents weeds from spreading.

Edge

WEED!!!!!!!!!!!!

SPRING BLOOMING PLANTS AND THE ARRANGEMENTS THAT LOVE THEM

During Historic Garden Week, gardeners from around the Commonwealth of Virginia cut foliage and flowers from the plants they grow in their gardens to use in arrangements that adorn the houses on the tour.  The arrangements not only showcase the talents of many floral artists, they also showcase some of the stellar plants that grow in Virginia. Consider planting a few in your garden.

Here’s just a small sampling of the arrangements created by James River Garden Club members this April, and some of the plants that star in those arrangements:

bleeding heart, viburnum

In the double arrangement above,  pink Bleeding Heart (Dicentra spectabilis), Guelder Rose — also called Snowball Viburnum — (Viburnum opulus ‘Roseum’), Spirea still in bud, and Akebia vine (Akebia quinata) stand tall.

 

Akebia

Akebia vine (Akebia quinata)

 

Vanhoutii Spirea

Van Houtte Spirea (Spiraea x van houtteii)

 

Bleeding Heart

Pink and White Bleeding Heart (Dicentra spectabilis)

 

bleeding heart arrangement

Bleeding Heart is also used in the arrangement above. Columbine (the native Aquilegia canadensis), Spanish Bluebell and its white cousin (Scilla Hyacinthoides), and Variegated Solomon’s Seal (Polygonatum odoratum ‘Variegatum’) casually spill out of a silver bowl.

 

Solomon's Seal

This is the native Solomon’s Seal (Polygonatum biflorum).

 

Spanish Bluebells

Spanish Bluebells (Hyacinthoides hispanica) are bulbs planted in fall. They bloom in April and May, then go dormant a month later. They spread freely. Photograph by Helen Horsley.

 

peony and euphorbia

This simple and elegant arrangement contains Ranunculus, Euphorbia and Lenten Rose.

 

Boxwood and helleborus

Lenten Rose (Helleborus orientalis)

 

Euphorbia

Euphorbia amygdaloides var. robbiae after bloom. It looks a lot like Pachysandra. It is evergreen, thrives in shade, and spreads freely when it’s happy.

 

Buckeye arrangement

This striking arrangement is all about the foliage.  The red-hued foliage of many shrubs, including Red Tips (Photinia x fraseri) and Andromeda (Pieris japonica) highlight the blooms of the Buckeye (Aesculus glabra). The white and pale green blooms of the Lenten Rose complement the reds.

 

Buckeye

Buckeye (Aesculus glabra)

 

Pieris japonica

A grove of Andromeda (Pieris japonica) in bloom. The new foliage emerges red, then settles into a nice green.

 

tulip and viburnum arrThe dramatic arrangement above includes the Spirea and Solomon’s Seal pictured earlier, but the leading ladies here are the Parrot Tulips taking a bow.  Poet’s Laurel (Danae racemosa) and Ranunculus anchor the arrangement.

 

Tulips and Deutzia

Tulips in varying shades of pink adorn a stone wall in Albemarle County. Deutzia gracilis, in the foreground, is about to pop.

 

Poet's Laurel

Poet’s Laurel (Danae racemosa) is evergreen, and lasts in a vase of water for a month.

 

daffs and hosta

So simple, yet so beautiful.  Hosta and Variegated Solomon’s Seal encircle Daffodils.

 

ferns and hosta

Several varieties of Hosta join ferns and Lady’s Mantle (Alchemilla mollis) in this Maine garden.

 

Narcissus

‘Cheerfulness’ and ‘Sir Winston Churchill’ Narcissus bloom along the Capital Trees Low Line in Shockoe Bottom.

 

modern mantleThis modern arrangement has an abundance of greenery, including grasses, Poet’s Laurel, Variegated Solomon’s Seal and Arum (Arum italica).  Flowers are used sparingly, but to great effect.  They include dimuntive daffodil blooms, Lilac (Syringa, genus, I think it is ‘Miss Kim’), and Carolina Allspice (Calycanthus floridus).

 

The native Carolina Allspice (Calycanthus floridus)

The native Carolina Allspice (Calycanthus floridus)

 

Lilac

Lilac (Syringa vulgaris)

 

mantleThe mantle arrangement above is a feast of textures and contrasting hues, with Photinia, Boxwood, Variegated Euonymus, Spanish Bluebells, Lenten Rose, Pachysandra and Native Azalea.  Photo by Betsy Trow.

 

Pachysandra

Pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis) is a great evergreen ground cover that tolerates tree roots.

 

church arrangementThis arrangement welcomes spring in all its glory.  Pink and peach Tulips, pink and lavender Azaleas, and pink Snapdragons blend beautifully with Snowball Viburnum (the OTHER Snowball Viburnum, Viburnum macrocephalum), Lenten Rose, Deutzia gracilis and greens.

 

Deutzia gracilis in the foreground, Kerria japonica in the background.

Slender Deutzia (Deutzia gracilis) in the foreground, Kerria japonica in the background.

 

Snowball Viburnum

Snowball Viburnum (Viburnum macrocephalum) can be trained into a multi-trunk tree.

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